Skip to content
  • SHOP
    • Shop All Items
    • NEW ARRIVALS
    • FEATURED PRODUCTS & BUNDLES
    • BEST SELLERS
    • PREMIUM
    • SALE
    • JEWELRY
      • ALL JEWELRY
      • BRACELETS
      • NECKLACES
      • NECKLACE SETS
      • MALA BEADS
      • RINGS
      • EARRINGS
      • ANKLETS
    • CRYSTALS AND STONES
      • ALL CRYSTALS
      • CRYSTAL WANDS
      • CRYSTAL PYRAMIDS
      • CRYSTAL PENDULUMS
      • CRYSTAL BALLS
    • DECOR
      • ALL DECOR
      • DREAM CATCHERS
      • FIGURINES
      • LIGHTING
      • PAINTINGS
      • TAPESTRIES
    • ACCESSORIES
      • ALL ACCESSORIES
      • ORGONE & EMF PROTECTION
      • CLOTHING
      • BAGS
      • SOUND/FREQUENCY
  • INTENTIONS
    • ABUNDANCE AND SUCCESS
    • HEALING AND REJUVENATION
    • INNER PEACE AND EMOTIONAL BALANCE
    • SPIRITUAL GROWTH AND PURPOSE
    • LOVE AND RELATIONSHIPS
    • INTUITION AND INNER WISDOM
    • INNER STRENGTH AND PROTECTION
  • COLLECTIONS
    • CRYSTALS
      • CRYSTALS
      • CRYSTAL WANDS
      • CRYSTAL PENDULUMS
      • CRYSTAL BALLS
    • EXPLORERS
      • 7 CHAKRA
      • PYRAMIDS
      • TREE OF LIFE
      • SRI YANTRA
      • SACRED GEOMETRY
      • EVIL EYE
      • SKULLS & SKELETONS
    • ENLIGHTENMENT
      • ASTROLOGY
      • MEDITATION
      • DREAMCATCHERS
    • SPIRITUALITY
      • OM
      • BUDDHA
      • BUDDHIST ROPE BRACELETS
      • SPIRITUALLY CONSCIOUS
      • 108 MALA
      • HOME DECOR
      • LOTUS
      • YOGA
  • REVIEWS
  • ABOUT
    CONTACT
    FAQ
    + 1 (877) 977-1799
    BLOG
    Log in
  • Instagram
  • Facebook
  • YouTube
  • Pinterest
  • ABOUT
  • CONTACT
  • FAQ
  • + 1 (877) 977-1799
  • BLOG
  • Instagram
  • Facebook
  • YouTube
  • Pinterest
Search
  • SHOP
    Shop All Items
    NEW ARRIVALS
    FEATURED PRODUCTS & BUNDLES
    BEST SELLERS
    PREMIUM
    SALE
    JEWELRY
    ALL JEWELRY
    BRACELETS
    NECKLACES
    NECKLACE SETS
    MALA BEADS
    RINGS
    EARRINGS
    ANKLETS
    CRYSTALS AND STONES
    ALL CRYSTALS
    CRYSTAL WANDS
    CRYSTAL PYRAMIDS
    CRYSTAL PENDULUMS
    CRYSTAL BALLS
    DECOR
    ALL DECOR
    DREAM CATCHERS
    FIGURINES
    LIGHTING
    PAINTINGS
    TAPESTRIES
    ACCESSORIES
    ALL ACCESSORIES
    ORGONE & EMF PROTECTION
    CLOTHING
    BAGS
    SOUND/FREQUENCY
  • INTENTIONS
    • ABUNDANCE AND SUCCESS
    • HEALING AND REJUVENATION
    • INNER PEACE AND EMOTIONAL BALANCE
    • SPIRITUAL GROWTH AND PURPOSE
    • LOVE AND RELATIONSHIPS
    • INTUITION AND INNER WISDOM
    • INNER STRENGTH AND PROTECTION
Project Yourself Project Yourself
  • COLLECTIONS
    CRYSTALS
    CRYSTALS
    CRYSTAL WANDS
    CRYSTAL PENDULUMS
    CRYSTAL BALLS
    EXPLORERS
    7 CHAKRA
    PYRAMIDS
    TREE OF LIFE
    SRI YANTRA
    SACRED GEOMETRY
    EVIL EYE
    SKULLS & SKELETONS
    ENLIGHTENMENT
    ASTROLOGY
    MEDITATION
    DREAMCATCHERS
    SPIRITUALITY
    OM
    BUDDHA
    BUDDHIST ROPE BRACELETS
    SPIRITUALLY CONSCIOUS
    108 MALA
    HOME DECOR
    LOTUS
    YOGA
  • REVIEWS
Log in Search Cart
FREE US DOMESTIC SHIPPING OVER $50
100% Genuine Crystal Quality GuaranteeWhat Our Customers Say
  • New Arrivals New Arrivals
  • Top selling Spiritual Bracelets Best Sellers
  • Sale Bracelets
  • Women Necklaces
  • Crystals Crystals
  • Rings Rings
  • Home Decor DECOR

Confirm your age

Are you 18 years old or older?

Come back when you're older

Sorry, the content of this store can't be seen by a younger audience. Come back when you're older.

Access Denied
IMPORTANT! If you’re a store owner, please make sure you have Customer accounts enabled in your Store Admin, as you have customer based locks set up with EasyLockdown app. Enable Customer Accounts

Microbiologists unmask the Hannibal route enigma

Micro

Hannibal crosses the Alps on an elephant.  Credit: Nicolas Poussin

Microbiologists based in the Institute for Global Food Security and School of Biological Sciences at Queen’s University Belfast have recently released results that may have answered one of ancient history’s greatest enigmas: Where did Hannibal cross the Alps?

Hannibal was the Commander-in-Chief of the Carthaginian army during the Second Punic War with Rome (218 -201 BC). He famously led his troops (thirty thousand men, just thirty seven elephants and over fifteen thousand horses and mules) across the Alps to invade Italia — bringing the Roman army to its knees. While the great general was ultimately defeated at Zama in 202 BC, this campaign is regarded today as one of the finest military endeavours of antiquity. We can say, in retrospect, that these events ultimately shaped the future Roman Republic, eventually with Caesar morphing into the Empire, and therefore into European civilisation as we know it.

For over two thousand years, historians, statesmen and academics have argued about the route Hannibal took across the Alps. Until now, no solid archaeological evidence has been forthcoming. However, this week — publishing on-line in the Journal Archaeometry — Queen’s University’s microbiologist Dr Chris Allen and his international team of colleagues, led by Professor Bill Mahaney (York University, Toronto), have finally provided solid evidence for the most likely transit route that took Hannibal’s forces across the Alps via the Col de Traversette pass (~3000 m). This crossing point was first proposed over a half century ago by the biologist and polymath Sir Gavin de Beer, but has not previously been widely accepted by the academic community.

Using a combination of microbial metagenome analysis, environmental chemistry, geomorphic and pedological investigation, pollen analyses and various other geophysical techniques, the researchers have shown that a ‘mass animal deposition’ event occurred near the Col de Traversette — that can be directly dated to approximately 2168 cal yr BP, i.e. 218 BC.

Dr Chris Allen, from the Institute for Global Food Security at Queen’s University Belfast, said: “The deposition lies within a churned-up mass from a 1-metre thick alluvial mire, produced by the constant movement of thousands of animals and humans. Over 70 per cent of the microbes in horse manure are from a group known as the Clostridia, that are very stable in soil — surviving for thousands of years. We found scientifically significant evidence of these same bugs in a genetic microbial signature precisely dating to the time of the Punic invasion.”*

 

Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Queen’s University Belfast. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.  Reprint by: Sciencedaily.com

Journal Reference:

W. C. Mahaney, C. C. R. Allen, P. Pentlavalli, A. Kulakova, J. M. Young, R. W. Dirszowsky, A. West, B. Kelleher, S. Jordan, C. Pulleyblank, S. O’Reilly, B. T. Murphy, K. Lasberg, P. Somelar, M. Garneau, S. A. Finkelstein, M. K. Sobol, V. Kalm, P. J. M. Costa, R. G. V. Hancock, K. M. Hart, P. Tricart, R. W. Barendregt, T. E. Bunch, M. W. Milner. Biostratigraphic Evidence Relating to the Age-Old Question of Hannibal’s Invasion of Italy, II: Chemical Biomarkers and Microbial Signatures. Archaeometry, 2016; DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12228

 


Back to Project Yourself

Bracelets

View all
48880105652514
Choose Yourself Crystal Bracelet
$39.99
48615906181410
Fluorite Heart Crystal Bracelet
$49.99
Mother's Love & Protection Bracelet
$39.99
47492867981602
Balanced Love and Passion Amethyst Wrap Bracelet
$84.99
View all
533 products

Necklaces

View all
Sacred Sri Yantra Necklace + Pendant Sri Yantra Necklace
Sacred Sri Yantra Necklace + Pendant Sri Yantra Necklace
Sacred Sri Yantra Necklace
$34.99
Antique Silver Om Lotus Mandala Pendant Necklace Necklace
Antique Silver Om Lotus Mandala Pendant Necklace Necklace
Antique Silver Om Lotus Mandala Pendant Necklace
$44.99
Saint Michael Archangel Pendant Necklace
from $34.99
Natural Obsidian Buddha Pendants Necklace Necklace
Natural Obsidian Buddha Pendants Necklace Necklace
Buddha’s Protection Obsidian Necklace
$49.99
View all
434 products

Home Decor

View all
528HZ
Frequency Of Love Tuning Fork Set
$64.99
Handpainted Ceramic Little Buddha Figurine Buddha Statue
Handpainted Ceramic Little Buddha Figurine Red Buddha Statue
Handpainted Ceramic Little Buddha Figurine
from $39.99
7 Blessings Tibetan Singing Bowl
$79.99
Season Of Abundance Bonsai Money Tree
$64.99
View all
535 products

You may also like

View all
The Golden Buddha
Apr 23, 2018
The Golden Buddha
The Unusual Meditation Practices of 5 Wise Spiritual Gurus
Apr 20, 2018
The Unusual Meditation Practices of 5 Wise Spiritual Gurus
Top 10 Celebrities That Are Unexpectedly Spiritual
Apr 06, 2018
Top 10 Celebrities That Are Unexpectedly Spiritual
Invalid password
Enter
Project Yourself
  • Search
  • About Us
  • Blog
  • Giving Back
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • Deep Origins Background
  • Track my order
  • Support
  • Contact Us
  • Shipping/Order Status/FAQ
  • Returns

CONTACT US

+1 (877) 977-1799

support@projectyourself.com

© 2025 Project Yourself

Microbiologists unmask the Hannibal route enigma